Abantu abalishumi abaPhambili kwiSayensi kwiNdalo:

UYunlong Cao weYunivesithi yasePeking utyunjelwe uphando olutsha lwe-coronavirus

Ngomhla we-15 kweyoMnga ngo-2022, iNdalo yabhengeza i-Nature's 10 yayo, uluhlu lwabantu abalishumi ababe yinxalenye yeziganeko zesayensi eziphambili zonyaka, kwaye amabali abo anika umbono owahlukileyo kwezinye zeziganeko zesayensi ezibalulekileyo kulo nyaka ungaqhelekanga.

Kunyaka weengxaki nokufumanisa izinto ezinomdla, iNdalo ikhethe abantu abalishumi kwizazi ngeenkwenkwezi ezisincede saqonda ukuba kukho indawo ekude kangakanani na kwindalo iphela, ukuya kubaphandi abaye baba negalelo elikhulu kwiNew Crown kunye ne-monkeypox bhubhane, ukuya koogqirha abatyandayo abaye baphula imida yokufakelwa amalungu omzimba, utsho uRich Monastersky, umhleli oyintloko weNature Features.

UYunlong Cao uvela kwiZiko leBiomedical Frontier Innovation Center (BIOPIC) kwiYunivesithi yasePeking. UGqr. Cao uphumelele kwiYunivesithi yaseZhejiang ngesidanga seBachelor kwiFiziksi waza wafumana iPhD yakhe kwiSebe leKhemistri kunye neBiology yeKhemikhali kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard phantsi kweXiaoliang Xie, kwaye okwangoku unguMdibanisi woPhando kwiZiko leBiomedical Frontier Innovation kwiYunivesithi yasePeking. UYunlong Cao ebegxile kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokulandelelana kweeseli enye, kwaye uphando lwakhe luncede ukulandelela ukuvela kwee-coronavirus ezintsha kunye nokuqikelela ezinye zezinguquko ezikhokelela ekudalweni kweentlobo ezintsha ze-mutant.

Ngomhla we-18 kuCanzibe 2020, uXiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao nabanye bapapashe iphepha kwijenali iCell elinesihloko esithi: “Amajoni omzimba anamandla okulwa ne-SARS-CoV-2 achongiweyo ngokulandelelana okuphezulu kweeseli ze-B zezigulane eziphila ubomi obude” Iphepha lophando.

Olu phononongo luxela iziphumo zesikrini esitsha se-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) antibody esithintela intsholongwane, esisebenzise iqonga le-RNA yeseli enye ephezulu kunye ne-VDJ sequencing ukuchonga ii-antibodies ezili-14 ezithintela intsholongwane ye-monoclonal kwi-antibodies ezingaphezu kwama-8500 ze-antigen-bound IgG1 kwizigulana ezingama-60 ezifumene i-COVID-19.

Olu phononongo lubonisa okokuqala ukuba ukulandelelana kweseli enye okune-high-throughput kunokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo ekufumaneni amayeza kwaye kunenzuzo yokuba yinkqubo ekhawulezayo nesebenzayo, ethembisa ukuguqula indlela abantu abahlola ngayo ii-antibodies ezithintela iintsholongwane ezosulelayo.

Ngomhla we-17 kweyeSilimela ngo-2022, uXiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao nabanye bapapasha iphepha elinesihloko esithi: ii-antibodies zokuphunyuka ze-BA.2.12.1, i-BA.4 kunye ne-BA.5 ezibangelwe kusulelo lwe-Omicron kwiphephancwadi i-Nature.

Olu phononongo lufumanise ukuba iintlobo ezintsha ze-Omicron mutant strains BA.2.12.1, BA.4 kunye ne-BA.5 zibonise ukwanda kokuphuma komzimba kunye nokunciphisa okukhulu ukuphuma kwe-plasma kwizigulana ezifunyenweyo ezine-Omicron BA.1.

Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba isitofu se-Omicron esisekelwe kwi-BA.1 sisenokungasafaneleki njengesincedisi kwimeko yokugonywa yangoku kwaye ii-antibodies ezibangelwayo aziyi kubonelela ngokhuseleko olubanzi nxamnye nohlobo olutsha lwe-mutant. Ngaphezu koko, ukhuselo lomhlambi ngenxa yosulelo lwe-Omicron kunzima kakhulu ukulufezekisa ngenxa yento 'yokuzikhusela' kwiintsholongwane ezintsha ze-coronavirus kunye nokuguquka ngokukhawuleza kweendawo zokuguquka komzimba.

Ngomhla wama-30 kweyeDwarha ngo-2022, iqela likaXiaoliang Xie/Yunlong Cao lapapasha iphepha lophando elinesihloko esithi: Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity induces convergent Omicron RBD evolution in the preprint bioRxiv.

Olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba inzuzo ye-XBB kune-BQ.1 isenokuba ngenxa yotshintsho olungaphandle kwe-receptor binding domain (RBD) ye-spinosin, ukuba i-XBB ikwanazo neenguqu kwiindawo ze-genome ezibhala i-N-terminal structural domain (NTD) ye-spinosin, kwaye i-XBB iyakwazi ukuphunyuka kwii-antibodies ezithintela i-NTD, ezinokuyivumela ukuba yosulele abantu abakhuselekileyo kwi-BQ.1 kunye nezinye iintlobo ezinxulumene nayo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iinguqu kummandla we-NTD zenzeka kwi-BQ.1 ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu. Ezi nguqu ziphucula kakhulu amandla ezi nguqu zokuphunyuka kwii-antibodies ezithintela i-antibody eziveliswa kukugonywa kunye nosulelo lwangaphambili.

UGqr. Yunlong Cao uthe kusenokubakho ukhuseleko oluthile kwi-XBB ukuba unosulelo lwe-BQ.1, kodwa uphando olongezelelekileyo luyafuneka ukuze kubonelelwe ubungqina boku.

Ukongeza kuYunlong Cao, abanye abantu ababini babekwe kuluhlu ngenxa yegalelo labo elibalaseleyo kwimiba yezempilo yoluntu yehlabathi, uLisa McCorkell kunye noDimie Ogoina.

ULisa McCorkell ngumphandi kwiLong COVID kwaye njengelungu elisungula iPatient-Led Research Collaborative, uncedise ekukhuliseni ulwazi kunye nokuxhasa uphando ngesi sifo.

UDimie Ogoina ngugqirha wezifo ezosulelayo kwiYunivesithi yaseNiger Delta eNigeria kwaye umsebenzi wakhe malunga nobhubhane we-monkeypox eNigeria unike ulwazi oluphambili ekulweni nobhubhane we-monkeypox.

Ngomhla we-10 kweyoMqungu ngo-2022, iYunivesithi yaseMaryland School of Medicine yabhengeza ukufakelwa kwentliziyo yehagu okuphumeleleyo emhlabeni wonke okuguqulwe izakhi zofuzo kumntu ophilayo, xa isigulana sentliziyo esineminyaka engama-57 ubudala uDavid Bennett safumana ukufakelwa kwentliziyo yehagu okuguqulwe izakhi zofuzo ukuze kusindiswe ubomi bakhe.

Nangona le ntliziyo yehagu yandise ubomi bukaDavid Bennett ngeenyanga ezimbini kuphela, ibe yimpumelelo enkulu kwaye ibe yimbali ephambili kwicandelo lokufakelwa kwe-xenotransplantation. UMuhammad Mohiuddin, ugqirha wotyando owayekhokela iqela eligqibezele olu tyando lomntu lwentliziyo yehagu ehlelwe ngokwezakhi zofuzo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo wakhethwa kuluhlu lwabantu abali-10 abaPhambili boNyaka beNdalo.

Abanye abaninzi bakhethwa ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili impumelelo yesayensi engaqhelekanga kunye nokuqhubela phambili okubalulekileyo kwemigaqo-nkqubo, kuquka isazi ngeenkwenkwezi uJane Rigby we-NASA's Goddard Space Center, owadlala indima ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi weWebb Space Telescope wokufaka iteleskopu esibhakabhakeni nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo, ethatha amandla oluntu okuhlola indalo ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha neliphezulu. u-alondra Nelson, njengoMlawuli oBambeleyo we-US Science and Technology Policy kwi-Ofisi yeSayensi neTekhnoloji, wanceda ulawulo lukaMongameli uBiden ukuba luphuhlise izinto ezibalulekileyo kwi-ajenda yalo yesayensi, kubandakanya umgaqo-nkqubo wokuthembeka kwesayensi kunye nezikhokelo ezintsha kwisayensi evulekileyo. UDiana Greene Foster, umphandi wokukhipha isisu kunye nesazi ngedemografi kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Francisco, unikezele ngedatha ephambili malunga nempembelelo elindelekileyo yesigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-US sokurhoxisa ukhuseleko olusemthethweni lwamalungelo okukhipha isisu.

Kukwakho namagama akwiluhlu oluphezulu lweshumi kulo nyaka anxulumene nophuhliso lotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nezinye iingxaki zehlabathi. La magama ngala: u-António Guterres, uNobhala-Jikelele weZizwe eziManyeneyo, uSaleemul Huq, uMlawuli weZiko leHlabathi loTshintsho lweMozulu kunye noPhuhliso eDhaka, eBangladesh, kunye noSvitlana Krakovska, iNtloko yegqiza lase-Ukraine kwiPhaneli yoRhulumente ye-UN yoTshintsho lweMozulu (IPCC).