IiNkqubo ze-PCR zexesha langempela: Ukuphucula uPhando kunye noDiagnostics

Iinkqubo zePCR yexesha langempelabaye baguqula imimandla yebhayoloji yemolekyuli kunye noxilongo ngokunika abaphandi kunye noogqirha izixhobo ezinamandla zokuhlalutya i-nucleic acids. Itekhnoloji inokubona kwaye ilinganise ulandelelwano oluthile lwe-DNA okanye i-RNA ngexesha langempela, okwenza kube yimpahla exabisekileyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zophando kunye nezicelo zokuxilonga.

Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zeenkqubo ze-PCR zexesha langempela kukukwazi ukubonelela ngokukhawuleza, iziphumo ezichanekileyo. Iindlela ze-PCR zemveli zifuna uhlalutyo lwe-post-amplification, enokuthi idle ixesha kwaye isebenze. Ngokwahlukileyo, iinkqubo zePCR zexesha lokwenyani zenza ukuba abaphandi babeke iliso ekukhuliseni i-DNA okanye i-RNA, ngaloo ndlela bafumanise ukulandelelana okujoliswe kuko ngexesha lokwenyani. Oku akugcini nje ukusindisa ixesha kodwa kunciphisa umngcipheko wongcoliseko kunye nempazamo yomntu, ukwenza i-PCR yexesha lokwenyani ibe yitekhnoloji esebenzayo nethembekileyo yokuhlalutya imolekyuli.

Kwizicwangciso zophando, iinkqubo ze-PCR zexesha langempela zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuhlalutyo lwe-gene expression, i-genotyping, kunye nokufunyanwa kwe-microbial. Ukukwazi ukulinganisa amanqanaba embonakalo yemfuza ngexesha lokwenyani kuphucule kakhulu ukuqonda kwethu iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji kunye neendlela zezifo. Abaphandi banokusebenzisa i-PCR yexesha langempela ukuba bafunde iziphumo zonyango ezahlukeneyo okanye iimeko kwi-gene expression, ukubonelela ngengqiqo ebalulekileyo kwisiseko se-molecular yesifo kunye neethagethi ezinokuthi zonyango.

Iinkqubo ze-PCR zexesha langempela zikwaluncedo kwizifundo ze-genotyping ukuchonga ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo ukwahluka kofuzo kunye neepolymorphisms. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezifana ne-pharmacogenomics kunye neyeza lomntu, apho ukungafani kofuzo kunokuchaphazela impendulo yomntu kumachiza kunye neerejimeni zonyango. Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-PCR yexesha lokwenyani, abaphandi banokujonga ngokufanelekileyo iimpawu zemfuza ezinxulumene nemetabolism yeziyobisi, ukuchaphazeleka kwezifo, kunye neziphumo zonyango.

Kwinkalo yoxilongo, iinkqubo zePCR zexesha lokwenyani zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubhaqweni nasekubekeni iliso kwizifo ezosulelayo, izifo zemfuzo kunye nomhlaza. Uvakalelo oluphezulu kunye nokuchaneka kwe-PCR yexesha lokwenyani kuyenza ibe liqonga elifanelekileyo lokuchonga iintsholongwane ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane kwiisampulu zeklinikhi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuphando oluqhambukayo kunye neenzame zokucupha, apho ukufumanisa kwangethuba nangechanekileyo imithombo yosulelo kubaluleke kakhulu kungenelelo lwempilo yoluntu.

Ukongeza, iinkqubo zePCR zexesha langempela zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuxilongeni nasekubekeni iliso kwizifo zofuzo kunye nomhlaza. Ngokujolisa kwiinguqu ezithile zofuzo okanye iipatheni zokubonakaliswa kwemfuza engaqhelekanga, oogqirha banokusebenzisa i-PCR yexesha langempela ukunceda ekubhaqweni kwangaphambili, ukuxilonga, kunye novavanyo lokuphendula unyango lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo zemfuza kunye ne-oncological. Ukuphucula ngokumangalisayo ukhathalelo lwesigulane ngokwenza unyango olulolwakho kunye nolujoliswe kuyo olusekwe kwiimpawu zemolekyuli zezifo zomntu ngamnye.

Njengoko itekhnoloji ye-PCR yexesha lokwenyani iqhubeka nokuvela, inkqubela phambili entsha efana ne-multiplex PCR kunye ne-PCR yedijithali iphucula ngakumbi uphando lwayo kunye nobuchule bokuxilonga. I-Multiplex yexesha lokwenyani i-PCR inokubona ulandelelwano lweethagethi ezininzi ngaxeshanye kwindlela enye yokusabela, yandisa umda wohlalutyo lweemolekyuli kunye nokugcina iisampulu ezibalulekileyo. I-Digital PCR, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibonelela ngobungakanani obupheleleyo be-nucleic acids ngokusabalalisa iamolekyu nganye kumawaka amagumbi okuphendula, ukubonelela ngovelwano olungenakulinganiswa kunye nokuchaneka.

Isishwankathelo,Iinkqubo zePCR yexesha langempelaibe sisixhobo esiyimfuneko sokuphucula uphando kunye nobuchule bokuxilonga kwibhayoloji yemolekyuli kunye namayeza eklinikhi. Ukukwazi kwabo ukubonelela ngokukhawuleza, ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nohlalutyo lwe-nucleic acid luguqule ukuqonda kwethu iinkqubo zebhayoloji kunye neendlela zezifo kunye nokuphucula ukuxilongwa kunye nokulawulwa kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo. Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubeka nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, iinkqubo ze-PCR zexesha langempela le-fluorescence quantitative ziya kuqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukuqhubela phambili kophando lwezenzululwazi kunye nokhathalelo lwezonyango, ekugqibeleni lunceda izigulane kunye noluntu luphela.