Iindaba zeMfuyo: Inkqubela phambili kuphando lomkhuhlane weeNtaka

Iindaba 01

Ukufunyaniswa kokuqala kohlobo olusezantsi lwe-H4N6 yentsholongwane yomkhuhlane weentaka kumadada e-mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) kwaSirayeli

Avishai Lublin, Nikki Thie, Irina Shkoda, Luba Simanov, Gila Kahila Bar-Gal, Yigal Farnoushi, Roni King, Wayne M Getz, Pauline L Kamath, Rauri CK Bowie, Ran Nathan

PMID:35687561;DOI:10.1111/tbed.14610

Intsholongwane ye-Avian influenza virus (AIV) ibeka isoyikiso esimandla kwimpilo yezilwanyana kunye nabantu kwihlabathi jikelele. Njengoko iintaka zasendle zisasaza i-AIV kwihlabathi liphela, ukuphanda ukuxhaphaka kwe-AIV kubantu basendle kubalulekile ekuqondeni usulelo lwe-pathogen kunye nokuqikelela ukuqhambuka kwezifo kwizilwanyana zasekhaya nakubantu. Kolu phononongo, i-H4N6 subtype AIV yabekwa yodwa okokuqala kwiisampulu zelindle lamadada aluhlaza asendle (Anas platyrhynchos) kwaSirayeli. Iziphumo ze-phylogenetic ze-HA kunye ne-NA zofuzo zibonisa ukuba olu hlobo luhlobene ngokusondeleyo kwiindawo zaseYurophu nase-Asia. Njengoko uSirayeli emi ngakuMbindi weArctic-Afrika indlela yokufuduka, kucingelwa ukuba olu hlobo lusenokuba lwaziswa ziintaka ezifudukayo. Uhlalutyo lwe-Phylogenetic lwejene zangaphakathi ze-isolate (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M kunye ne-NS) zibonise iqondo eliphezulu lobudlelwane be-phylogenetic kwezinye ii-subtypes ze-AIV, ezibonisa ukuba isiganeko sangaphambili sokuhlanganiswa kwakhona senzeke kule sodwa. Le H4N6 subtype ye-AIV inezinga eliphezulu lokuhlangana kwakhona, inokosulela iihagu ezisempilweni kwaye ibophe ii-receptors zabantu, kwaye inokubangela isifo se-zoonotic kwixesha elizayo.

Iindaba 02

Isishwankathelo somkhuhlane weentaka kwi-EU, ngoMatshi-Juni 2022

IGunya loKhuseleko lokuTya lwaseYurophu, iZiko laseYurophu loThintelo lweSifo kunye noLawulo, iLabhoratri yeNgqungquthela yeManyano yaseYurophu yeAvian Influenza

PMID:35949938;PMCID:PMC9356771;DOI:10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7415;

Ngo-2021-2022, umkhuhlane weentaka eziyingozi kakhulu (HPAI) yayiyeyona ndyikityha imbi kakhulu eYurophu, kunye nokuqhambuka kweentaka ezingama-2,398 kumazwe angama-36 aseYurophu okubangele ukuba kubulawe iintaka ezingama-46 ezigidi. phakathi kwe-16 Matshi kunye ne-10 Juni 2022, i-28 kumazwe e-EU / EEA kunye ne-UK 1 182 iintlobo ze-virus ye-avian influenza virus (HPAIV) zahlukaniswa kwiinkukhu (iimeko ezingama-750), izilwanyana zasendle (iimeko ze-410) kunye neentaka ezithinjiweyo (22 iimeko). Ngeli xesha liphantsi kovavanyo, i-86% yokuqhambuka kweenkukhu ngenxa yosulelo lwe-HPAIV, kunye ne-France ethatha i-68% yoqhambuko lwenkukhu lulonke, i-Hungary i-24% kunye namanye amazwe achaphazelekayo ngaphantsi kwe-2% ngalinye. IJamani yayinelona nani liphezulu lokuqhambuka kwiintaka zasendle (amatyala angama-158), ilandelwa yiNetherlands (amatyala angama-98) kunye ne-UK (amatyala angama-48).

Iziphumo zohlahlelo lwemfuzo zibonisa ukuba i-HPAIV ngoku egqubayo eYurophu ubukhulu becala yeye-spectrum 2.3.4 b. Ukususela kwingxelo yokugqibela, ezine ze-H5N6, ezimbini ze-H9N2 kunye ne-H3N8 ezimbini zosulelo lwabantu ziye zaxelwa e-China kwaye enye i-H5N1 yokusuleleka komntu iye yaxelwa e-USA. Umngcipheko wosulelo wavavanywa uphantsi kubemi ngokubanzi kwaye uphantsi ukuya kumodareyitha kubantu abavezwe ngumsebenzi kwi-EU/EEA.

 Iindaba 03

Utshintsho kwiintsalela 127, 183 kunye ne-212 kwi-HA gene ichaphazela

I-Antigenicity, ukuphindaphinda kunye ne-pathogenicity ye-H9N2 i-avian influenza virus

Umlandeli kaMengulu,Bing Liang,Yongzhen Zhao,Yaping Zhang,Qingzheng Liu,UMiao Tian,Yiqing Zheng,Huizhi Xia,Yasuo Suzuki,Hualan Chen,Jihui Ping

PMID:34724348;DOI:10.1111/tbed.14363

I-H9N2 subtype ye-avian influenza virus (AIV) yenye yeentlobo ezincinci ezichaphazela impilo yeshishini lenkukhu. Kolu phononongo, iintlobo ezimbini ze-H9N2 subtype AIV ezinemvelaphi efanayo yemfuza kodwa i-antigenicity eyahlukileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-A/chicken/Jiangsu/75/2018 (JS/75) kunye ne-A/chicken/Jiangsu/76/2018 (JS/76) Ukwanti kwifama yeenkukhu. Uhlalutyo lokulandelelana lubonise ukuba i-JS / 75 kunye ne-JS / 76 yahluke kwiintsalela ze-amino acid ezintathu (127, 183 kunye ne-212) ye-hemagglutinin (HA). Ukuphonononga ukungafani kweempawu zebhayoloji phakathi kwe-JS / 75 kunye ne-JS / 76, iintsholongwane ezintandathu ezihlaziyiweyo zenziwa kusetyenziswa indlela yofuzo ye-reverse kunye ne-A / Puerto Rico / 8 / 1934 (PR8) njengekhonkco eliphambili. Idatha evela kwiimvavanyo zokuhlaselwa kwenkukhu kunye neemvavanyo ze-HI zibonise ukuba i-r-76 / PR8 ibonise ukuphunyuka kwe-antigenic echazwe kakhulu ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-amino acid kwizikhundla ze-127 kunye ne-183 kwi-HA gene. Uphononongo olongezelelweyo luqinisekisile ukuba i-glycosylation kwindawo ye-127N yenzeke kwi-JS / 76 kunye neenguqu zayo. Iimvavanyo zokubopha i-receptor zibonise ukuba zonke iintsholongwane eziphinda zibuyele, ngaphandle kwe-127N glycosylation-deficient mutant, ibotshelelwe ngokulula kwi-humanoid receptors. I-kinetics yokukhula kunye ne-mouse attack assays ibonise ukuba i-virus ye-127N-glycosylated iphindaphindwe ngaphantsi kweeseli ze-A549 kwaye yayingaphantsi kwe-pathogenic kwiigundane xa kuthelekiswa nentsholongwane yasendle. Ngaloo ndlela, i-glycosylation kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-amino acid kwi-HA gene inoxanduva lokungafani kwe-antigenicity kunye ne-pathogenicity ye-2 H9N2 strains.

Umthombo: Iziko leMpilo yeZilwanyana yaseTshayina kunye ne-Epidemiology