Iindaba zezilwanyana: Inkqubela phambili kuphando lomkhuhlane weentaka

Iindaba 01

Ukufunyanwa kokuqala kwe-H4N6 subtype ye-avian influenza virus kumadada ase-mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) kwa-Israyeli

Avishai Lublin, Nikki Thie, Irina Shkoda, Luba Simanov, Gila Kahila Bar-Gal, Yigal Farnoushi, Roni King, Wayne M Getz, Pauline L Kamath, Rauri CK Bowie, Ran Nathan

PMID:35687561;DOI:10.1111/tbed.14610

Intsholongwane ye-Avian influenza (AIV) ibeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwimpilo yezilwanyana kunye nabantu kwihlabathi liphela. Njengoko iintaka zasemanzini zasendle zisasaza i-AIV kwihlabathi liphela, ukuphanda ukuxhaphaka kwe-AIV kwiindawo zasendle kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukusasazeka kwezifo kunye nokuqikelela ukuqhambuka kwezifo kwizilwanyana zasekhaya nakubantu. Kolu phononongo, uhlobo lwe-H4N6 AIV lwahlulwa okokuqala kwiisampulu zendle zamadada aluhlaza asendle (i-Anas platyrhynchos) kwa-Israyeli. Iziphumo ze-phylogenetic ze-HA kunye ne-NA genes zibonisa ukuba olu hlobo lunxulumene kakhulu nezilwanyana zaseYurophu nase-Asia. Njengoko i-Israel ikwindlela yokufuduka phakathi kwe-Arctic ne-Afrika, kucingelwa ukuba uhlobo mhlawumbi lwaziswa ziintaka ezifudukayo. Uhlalutyo lwe-phylogenetic lwe-genes zangaphakathi ze-isolate (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M kunye ne-NS) lutyhile izinga eliphezulu lolwalamano lwe-phylogenetic nezinye iintlobo ze-AIV, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kwenzeke isiganeko sangaphambili sokuphinda sihlangane kule isolate. Olu hlobo lwe-H4N6 lwe-AIV lunezinga eliphezulu lokuphindaphindeka, lunokosulela iihagu ezisempilweni kwaye lubophe ii-receptors zabantu, kwaye lunokubangela isifo se-zoonotic kwixesha elizayo.

Iindaba 02

Isishwankathelo somkhuhlane weentaka kwi-EU, ngoMatshi-Juni 2022

IGunya loKhuseleko lokutya laseYurophu, iZiko laseYurophu lokuThintela nokuLawula izifo, iLebhu yeeNgxelo zeManyano yaseYurophu yoMkhuhlane weeNtaka

I-PMID：35949938；PMCID：PMC9356771；DOI：10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7415

Ngowama-2021-2022, umkhuhlane weentaka obangela izifo ezininzi (HPAI) wawungubhubhane onzima kakhulu eYurophu, apho ukuqhambuka kweentaka ezingama-2,398 kumazwe angama-36 aseYurophu kwabangela ukuba iintaka ezingama-46 ezigidi zibulawe. Phakathi komhla we-16 kweyoKwindla nowe-10 kweyeSilimela ngo-2022, amazwe angama-28 e-EU/EEA kunye ne-UK, iintlobo ezili-1 182 zentsholongwane yeentaka ebangela izifo ezininzi (HPAIV) zahlulwa kwiinkuku (amatyala angama-750), izilwanyana zasendle (amatyala angama-410) kunye neentaka ezivalelweyo (amatyala angama-22). Ngeli xesha liphantsi kovavanyo, ama-86% okuqhambuka kweenkuku kwakubangelwa kukudluliselwa kwe-HPAIV, apho iFransi ibangela ama-68% okuqhambuka kweenkuku iyonke, iHungary ibangele ama-24% kwaye amanye amazwe achaphazelekileyo angaphantsi kwe-2% ngalinye. IJamani yayinenani eliphezulu lokuqhambuka kweentaka zasendle (amatyala ali-158), ilandelwa yiNetherlands (amatyala angama-98) kunye ne-UK (amatyala angama-48).

Iziphumo zohlalutyo lwemfuza zibonisa ukuba i-HPAIV exhaphakileyo eYurophu ngoku ikakhulu ikwi-spectrum 2.3.4 b. Ukususela kwingxelo yokugqibela, kuye kwaxelwa ukuba kukho izifo ezine ze-H5N6, ezimbini ze-H9N2 kunye nezimbini ze-H3N8 eTshayina kwaye kukho isifo esinye se-H5N1 eMelika. Umngcipheko wosulelo uvavanywe njengophantsi kuluntu ngokubanzi kwaye uphantsi ukuya kophakathi kuluntu oluchaphazeleka emsebenzini kwi-EU/EEA.

 Iindaba 03

Utshintsho kwiintsalela 127, 183 kunye no-212 kwi-HA gene affect

Ukuchasana nokuzala, ukuzala kunye nesifo sentsholongwane ye-H9N2 avian influenza

Umlandeli kaMengulu，Bing Liang，Yongzhen Zhao，Yaping Zhang，Qingzheng Liu，UMiao Tian，Yiqing Zheng，Huizhi Xia，Yasuo Suzuki，Hualan Chen，Jihui Ping

PMID:34724348;DOI:10.1111/tbed.14363

Uhlobo lwe-H9N2 lwentsholongwane ye-avian influenza (AIV) lolunye lweentlobo eziphambili ezichaphazela impilo yeshishini leenkukhu. Kolu phononongo, iintlobo ezimbini ze-H9N2 uhlobo lwe-AIV ezinemvelaphi efanayo yemfuza kodwa i-antigenicity eyahlukileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-A/chicken/Jiangsu/75/2018 (JS/75) kunye ne-A/chicken/Jiangsu/76/2018 (JS/76), zahlulwa kwifama yeenkukhu. Uhlalutyo lolandelelwano lubonise ukuba i-JS/75 kunye ne-JS/76 zahlukile kwiintsalela ezintathu ze-amino acid (127, 183 kunye ne-212) ze-haemagglutinin (HA). Ukuhlola umahluko kwiipropati zebhayoloji phakathi kwe-JS/75 kunye ne-JS/76, iintsholongwane ezintandathu eziphinda zihlanganiswe zenziwe kusetyenziswa indlela yemfuza echaseneyo ne-A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) njengekhonkco eliphambili. Idatha evela kuvavanyo lokuhlasela kwenkukhu kunye novavanyo lwe-HI ibonise ukuba i-r-76/PR8 ibonakalise ukuphuncuka okukhulu kwe-antigenic ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-amino acid kwiindawo ze-127 kunye ne-183 kwi-HA gene. Izifundo ezongezelelweyo ziqinisekisile ukuba i-glycosylation kwindawo ye-127N yenzeka kwi-JS/76 kunye nee-mutants zayo. Uvavanyo lokubopha i-receptor lubonise ukuba zonke ii-recombinant virus, ngaphandle kwe-127N glycosylation-deficient mutant, zibotshelelwa ngokulula kwi-humanoid receptors. Uvavanyo lwe-Growth kinetics kunye novavanyo lokuhlasela kwegundane lubonise ukuba i-127N-glycosylated virus ayiphindaphindwanga kangako kwiiseli ze-A549 kwaye yayingenazo izifo ezininzi kwiimpuku xa kuthelekiswa ne-wild-type virus. Ke ngoko, i-glycosylation kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-amino acid kwi-HA gene zinoxanduva lomahluko kwi-antigenicity kunye ne-pathogenicity yeentlobo ze-2 ze-H9N2.

Umthombo: IZiko lezeMpilo yeZilwanyana laseTshayina kunye ne-Epidemiology