Iindaba - iNzululwazi yeSifo sokuphefumla sasebusika

Kutshanje, iKomishoni yezeMpilo yeSizwe ibambe inkomfa yabezindaba malunga nokuthintela kunye nokulawulwa kwezifo zokuphefumla ebusika, ikwazisa ukuxhaphaka kwezifo zokuphefumla kunye namanyathelo okuthintela ebusika eTshayina, kwaye iphendula imibuzo evela kumajelo eendaba. Kwinkomfa, iingcali zathi okwangoku, i-China ingene kwixesha eliphezulu lezifo zokuphefumla, kwaye izifo ezahlukeneyo zokuphefumla zidibene kwaye zibekwe phezulu, zibeka ingozi kwimpilo yabantu. Izifo zokuphefumla zibhekiselele ekudumbeni kwenwebu ye-mucous yendlela yokuphefumla ebangelwa lusulelo lwe-pathogen okanye ezinye izinto, ngakumbi kubandakanywa usulelo lwendlela yokuphefumula ephezulu, inyumoniya, ibronchitis, isifuba njalo njalo. Ngokutsho kwedatha yokubeka iliso yeKomishoni yeSizwe yezeMpilo kunye nezeMpilo, iintsholongwane zezifo zokuphefumla e-China zilawulwa kakhulu yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane, ngaphezu kokusasazwa kwezinye iintsholongwane kumaqela ahlukeneyo eminyaka ubudala, ngokomzekelo, kukho i-rhinoviruses ebangela umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. kubantwana abaneminyaka eyi-1-4 ubudala; kuluntu lwabantu abaneminyaka eyi-5-14 ubudala, usulelo lweMycoplasma kunye ne-adenoviruses ebangela ukubanda okuqhelekileyo kube neqela le-5-14 yobudala, usulelo lwe-Mycoplasma kunye ne-adenoviruses ebangela ukuba i-akhawunti yengqele eqhelekileyo kumlinganiselo othile wabantu; kwiqela le-15-59 yobudala, i-rhinoviruses kunye ne-neocoronaviruses ingabonwa; kwaye kwiqela le-60+ yobudala, kukho imilinganiselo emikhulu ye-parapneumovirus yabantu kunye ne-coronavirus eqhelekileyo.

I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae yi-microorganism ephakathi phakathi kwebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane; ayinaludonga lweseli kodwa inenwebu yeseli, kwaye inokuvelisa ngokuzimeleyo okanye ihlasele kwaye iparasitize ngaphakathi kweeseli zomkhosi. I-genome ye-Mycoplasma pneumoniae incinci, kwaye malunga ne-1,000 yemfuza kuphela. I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae iguquguquka kakhulu kwaye iyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neendawo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenginginya ngokuguqulwa kofuzo okanye ukuguqulwa. I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae ilawulwa kakhulu ngokusetyenziswa kwe-antibiotics ye-macrolide, efana ne-azithromycin, i-erythromycin, i-clarithromycin, njl. Kwizigulane ezichasene nala mayeza, i-tetracyclines entsha okanye i-quinolones ingasetyenziswa.

Iintsholongwane zoMkhuhlane ziintsholongwane ezi-positive-strand ze-RNA, eziza kwiindidi ezintathu, uhlobo lwe-A, uhlobo lwe-B kunye nohlobo lweC. I-genome yentsholongwane yomkhuhlane inamacandelo asibhozo, ngalinye lifaka iprotheni enye okanye ngaphezulu. Iintsholongwane zoMkhuhlane ziyaguquka ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili, enye yi-antigenic drift, apho utshintsho lwenzeka kwijene yentsholongwane, ekhokelela kutshintsho lwe-antigenic kwi-hemagglutinin (HA) kunye ne-neuraminidase (NA) kumphezulu wentsholongwane; enye i-antigenic rearrangement, apho usulelo lwangaxeshanye lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane zomkhuhlane kwi-cell host efanayo ikhokelela ekudibaneni kwakhona kwamacandelo e-viral gene, okukhokelela ekubunjweni kweentlobo ezintsha. Iintsholongwane zoMkhuhlane zilawulwa ikakhulu ngokusetyenziswa kwe-neuraminidase inhibitors, njenge-oseltamivir kunye ne-zanamivir, kwaye kwizigulana ezigula kakhulu, unyango oluxhasayo lweempawu kunye nonyango lweengxaki nazo ziyafuneka.

I-Neocoronavirus yintsholongwane ye-RNA enemisonto enye enento enye yosapho lweCoronaviridae, eneentsapho ezine, ezizezi, α, β, γ, kunye no-δ. Iintsapho ezingaphantsi u-α kunye no-β ikakhulu zosulela izilwanyana ezanyisayo, ngelixa iintsapho ezincinci γ kunye no-δ zosulela iintaka ikakhulu. I-genome ye-neocoronavirus iqulathe isakhelo sokufunda esivulekileyo esine-16 engeyosakhiwo kunye neeproteni ezine zesakhiwo, ezizezi, iprotein ye-membrane (M), i-hemagglutinin (S), i-nucleoprotein (N) kunye neprotein ye-enzyme (E). Utshintsho lwe-Neocoronaviruses lubangelwa ikakhulu ziimpazamo ekuphindaphindweni kwentsholongwane okanye ukufakela imfuza yangaphandle, ekhokelela kutshintsho kulandelelwano lwemfuza yentsholongwane, echaphazela ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane, i-pathogenicity kunye nokukwazi ukuphuma komzimba. IiNeocoronavirus zilawulwa ikakhulu ngokusetyenziswa kwamachiza okulwa neentsholongwane ezifana ne-ridecivir kunye ne-lopinavir/ritonavir, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, unyango oluxhasayo oluneempawu kunye nonyango lweengxaki nazo ziyafuneka.

Iindlela eziphambili zokulawula izifo zokuphefumla zezi zilandelayo:

Ugonyo. Izitofu zogonyo zezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokuthintela izifo ezosulelayo kwaye zinokuvuselela umzimba ukuba uvelise ukhuselo lomzimba kwiintsholongwane. Okwangoku, iChina inezitofu ezahlukeneyo zokugonya izifo zokuphefumla, ezifana nesitofu sokugonya, isitofu esitsha sesithsaba, isitofu sokugonya i-pneumococcal, isitofu sokugonya, njl. izifo, abantwana kunye nabanye abantu abaphambili.

Gcina imikhwa emihle yococeko lobuqu. Izifo zokuphefumla zisasazwa ikakhulu ngamathontsi kunye nokunxibelelana, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane ngokuhlamba izandla rhoqo, ukuvala umlomo kunye nempumlo ngethishu okanye ingqiniba xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla, ungatshicileli, kwaye ungabelani ngezitya.

Ziphephe iindawo ezixineneyo nezingangeni moya kakuhle. Iindawo ezixineneyo nezingangeni moya kakuhle ziindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu wezifo zokuphefumla kwaye ziqhelene nosulelo olunqamlezayo lwezifo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukunciphisa utyelelo kwezi ndawo, kwaye ukuba kufuneka uye, nxiba imaski kwaye ugcine umgama othile wokuhlala ukuthintela ukunxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nabanye.

Yandisa ukuxhathisa komzimba. Ukumelana nomzimba yindlela yokuqala yokuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane. Kubalulekile ukuphucula ukukhuseleka komzimba kunye nokunciphisa ingozi yokosulelwa ngokutya okunengqiqo, umthambo olinganiselweyo, ukulala ngokwaneleyo, kunye nesimo sengqondo esihle.

Nikelani ingqalelo ukuze nifudumale. Amaqondo okushisa asebusika aphantsi, kwaye ukuvuselela okubandayo kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni umsebenzi wokuzivikela we-mucosa yokuphefumula, okwenza kube lula ukuba iintsholongwane zihlasele. Ke ngoko, nikela ingqalelo ekuzigcineni ushushu, unxibe iimpahla ezifanelekileyo, uphephe ukubanda kunye nomkhuhlane, uhlengahlengiso kwangethuba lobushushu obungaphakathi kunye nokufuma, kunye nokugcina umoya wangaphakathi.

Funa unyango kwangethuba. Ukuba iimpawu zezifo zokuphefumla ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, umqala obuhlungu kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla zenzeka, kufuneka uye kwiziko lezonyango eliqhelekileyo kwangethuba, uxilonga kwaye uphathe isifo ngokwemiyalelo kagqirha, kwaye musa ukuthatha amayeza ngokwakho okanye ukulibazisa ukufuna unyango. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka umxelele ngenyani ugqirha wakho ngembali yakho ye-epidemiological kunye nokuvezwa, kwaye usebenzisane naye kuphando lwe-epidemiological kunye ne-epidemiological dispositions ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo.

Iindlela eziphambili zokulawula izifo zokuphefumla zezi zilandelayo:

Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-15-2023

ISayensi yeSifo sokuphefumla sasebusika