Indima yeenkqubo ze-PCR yexesha langempela kumayeza omntu kunye ne-genomics

Iinkqubo ze-PCR yexesha lokwenyani (i-polymerase chain reaction) ziye zaba zizixhobo eziyimfuneko kwimimandla eguqukayo ngokukhawuleza yeyeza lomntu siqu kunye ne-genomics. Ezi nkqubo zenza ukuba abaphandi kunye noogqirha bahlalutye imathiriyeli yemfuza ngokuchaneka okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili kunye nesantya, bevula indlela yokuphuhlisa izicwangciso zonyango zomntu kunye nokuphucula ukuqonda kwezifo ezinzima.

Iinkqubo zePCR yexesha langempela, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-PCR yobungakanani (qPCR), ngaxeshanye ukhulise kwaye ulinganise i-DNA okanye i-RNA kwisampulu. Itekhnoloji ixabiseke kakhulu kunyango lobuqu, apho unyango lulungelelaniswe nemfuza yomntu. Ngokubonelela ngemilinganiselo echanekileyo yamanqanaba e-gene expression, iinkqubo ze-PCR zexesha langempela zinceda ukuchonga iimpawu ze-biomarker ezinokuqikelela impendulo yesigulane kunyango oluthile. Kwi-oncology, umzekelo, amanqanaba okubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile angabonisa ukuba isigulane sinokuzuza kwiindlela zonyango ezijoliswe kuzo, ngaloo ndlela zikhokela izigqibo zonyango kunye nokuphucula iziphumo.

Ukongezelela, iinkqubo ze-PCR zexesha langempela zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwintsimi ye-genomics, apho zingasetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezivela kwi-high-throughput sequencing technologies. Ngelixa ulandelelwano lwesizukulwana esilandelayo (NGS) lunokubonelela ngokujongwa ngokubanzi kwegenome yomntu, i-PCR yexesha lokwenyani inokuqinisekisa ubukho kunye nobuninzi beentlobo ezithile zofuzo ezichongiweyo ngolandelelwano. Oku kuqinisekiswa kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthembeka kwedatha ye-genomic, ngokukodwa kwimimiselo yeklinikhi apho izigqibo zenziwa ngokusekelwe kulwazi lwezofuzo.

Ubuninzi beenkqubo ze-PCR zexesha langempela azikhawulelwanga kwi-oncology kunye ne-genomics. Zikwasetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa kwezifo ezosulelayo, apho ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuchanekileyo kwee-pathogens kubaluleke kakhulu. Umzekelo, ngexesha lobhubhani we-COVID-19, i-PCR yexesha lokwenyani yaba ngumgangatho wegolide wokufumanisa usulelo lwe-SARS-CoV-2. Ukukwazi ukulinganisa umthamo wentsholongwane egazini wesigulana akuncedi kuphela ekuxilongeni, kodwa kunokwazisa izicwangciso zonyango kunye neempendulo zempilo yoluntu.

Ukongeza kuxilongo, iinkqubo zePCR zexesha langempela zinokunceda ukubeka iliso ukuqhubeka kwesifo kunye nokusebenza konyango. Ngokulinganisa utshintsho kwi-gene expression ekuhambeni kwexesha, oogqirha banokuhlola indlela isigulane esisabela ngayo kunyango. Oku kubeka iliso okuguquguqukayo kubaluleke ngakumbi kwizifo ezingapheliyo, njengoko iirejimeni zonyango zinokufuna ukulungiswa ngokusekwe kukutshintsha kwenkangeleko yemfuza yesigulana.

Njengoko iteknoloji ihambela phambili, ukudityaniswa kweenkqubo ze-PCR zexesha lokwenyani kwiyeza lomntu kunye ne-genomics iye yandiswa ngakumbi. Iinkqubo zanamhlanje ziya zithandeka ngakumbi kumsebenzisi, kunye neempawu ezizenzekelayo eziphucula ukuhamba komsebenzi kunye nokunciphisa amandla empazamo yomntu. Ukongezelela, ukuphuhliswa kwe-multiplex real-time PCR ivumela ukufunyanwa kwangaxeshanye kwiithagethi ezininzi kwimpendulo enye, ukwandisa kakhulu ukugqithisa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.